Insulae: Affordable rental housing in Rome

Until two hundred years ago, towns -- especially towns that were or would be valuable military targets -- were bounded by their walls. Land inside them was valuable. But the workers -- shopkeepers, laborers, stevedores -- had to live close to their jobs. Roman law -- the first zoning of which I am aware -- limited building height to the equivalent of fifty feet. So floor space was at a premium. Enter the insulae.

Insulae were four story walkup apartments. Built of brick, probably unplastered and little ornamented, they were entered from exterior stairs that led up, over a ground floor of shops, to corridors off which opened single rooms that were numbered. Each room had its own window of mica or selenite, translucent enough to remind you morning had arrived. Some rooms had small balconies for taking the evening air (and, most likely, disposing of garbage and night soil). My first known example of affordable rental housing through the ages.

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ã Copyright 2002 David Alexander Smith